Yes. If you use your car for business purposes, you can deduct either the standard mileage rate ($0.725/mile in 2026) or your actual vehicle expenses (gas, insurance, repairs, depreciation) multiplied by the business-use percentage. You must keep a mileage log documenting the date, destination, business purpose, and miles driven.

The IRS standard mileage rate for business driving is $0.725 per mile in 2026. This rate covers gas, insurance, maintenance, and depreciation. You can also deduct actual tolls and parking fees separately on top of the mileage rate.

No. Commuting from your home to your regular workplace is not deductible. However, if you have a qualifying home office, all trips from your home to client sites, meetings, or other business locations are deductible business miles.

Yes. The IRS requires contemporaneous records documenting the date, destination, business purpose, and miles driven for each business trip. Apps like MileIQ, Everlance, or even a simple spreadsheet work well. Reconstructed logs created at tax time are a significant audit risk.

Yes. An LLC can deduct vehicle expenses either through an accountable plan (reimbursing the owner for business miles) or by having the LLC own the vehicle directly. For heavy SUVs over 6,000 lbs GVWR, Section 179 and bonus depreciation can generate massive first-year write-offs.

Section 179 allows businesses to immediately deduct the full cost of qualifying equipment, vehicles, and software in the year of purchase instead of depreciating it over multiple years. The 2026 deduction limit is $1,250,000, phasing out dollar-for-dollar above $3,130,000 in total equipment purchases.

Qualifying property includes machinery, equipment, computers, office furniture, software, and certain vehicles. The property must be used more than 50% for business purposes. Improvements to commercial buildings (HVAC, roofing, security systems) also qualify under Section 179.

Yes, but passenger vehicles have annual deduction limits (approximately $13,200 in 2026 for cars). However, heavy SUVs and trucks with a GVWR over 6,000 lbs have a much higher Section 179 limit ($31,300 in 2026), and with 100% bonus depreciation restored under the OBBBA, heavy vehicles over 6,000 lbs can be fully expensed with no cap.

Section 179 is limited to your business's taxable income (you cannot create a loss with it), while bonus depreciation can create or increase a net operating loss. Section 179 gives you more control over which assets to expense, while bonus depreciation applies automatically to all qualifying assets unless you elect out.

Section 179 is limited to your business's net taxable income — it cannot create a loss. Any unused Section 179 deduction carries forward to future years. If you need to create a loss, bonus depreciation is the better tool since it has no income limitation.

The Augusta Rule (IRC Section 280A(g)) allows homeowners to rent their personal residence for up to 14 days per year and receive the rental income completely tax-free — no reporting required on Schedule E. Business owners exploit this by renting their home to their own business for legitimate business meetings, retreats, or events. The business deducts the rental payment; the homeowner receives it tax-free.

The rental rate must be the fair market rate for comparable event space in your area — what a hotel or event venue would charge for a similar space. You should document the market rate with comparable venue quotes or rental listings. Charging an inflated rate is a red flag for the IRS. Typical rates range from $500 to $2,500/day depending on the size and location of the home.

You need: (1) a written rental agreement between you personally and your business, (2) a legitimate business purpose for each rental day (board meeting agenda, planning retreat notes, etc.), (3) evidence of fair market rental rate (comparable venue quotes), (4) a business check or ACH payment from the business to you personally, and (5) minutes or notes documenting the business activities conducted at the home.

No — the tax-free treatment only applies to the first 14 days of rental per year. If you rent your home to your business for more than 14 days, all rental income becomes taxable (reported on Schedule E), and you must allocate expenses between personal and rental use. The 14-day limit is absolute; exceeding it eliminates the tax-free benefit for the entire year.

Yes — the Augusta Rule works for any business structure (sole proprietorship, LLC, S-Corp, C-Corp). For S-Corp owners, the rental payment is a deductible business expense for the S-Corp and tax-free rental income for the shareholder. The strategy is particularly valuable for S-Corp owners because it moves money from the S-Corp (where it would be subject to income tax) to the owner (where it is tax-free under the 14-day rule).

As a sole proprietor, you pay 15.3% self-employment tax on all net profits. As an S-Corp owner, you pay yourself a reasonable salary (subject to payroll taxes) and take the remaining profit as a distribution — which is not subject to self-employment tax. On $150,000 in profit, this can save $10,000–$20,000/year.

The IRS requires S-Corp owner-employees to pay themselves a "reasonable compensation" — roughly what you would pay a third party to do your job. The IRS looks at industry benchmarks, the services you provide, and the profitability of the business. Underpaying yourself is a major audit trigger.

The S-Corp election typically makes financial sense when your net self-employment income exceeds $50,000–$60,000/year. Below that threshold, the administrative costs (payroll processing, additional tax filings) often exceed the SE tax savings.

Yes. An LLC can elect to be taxed as an S-Corp by filing IRS Form 2553. The LLC retains its legal structure while being treated as an S-Corp for tax purposes. This is one of the most common and effective tax elections for small business owners.

S-Corps require running payroll, filing quarterly payroll tax returns, and paying additional accounting fees. They also have restrictions: no more than 100 shareholders, all shareholders must be US citizens or residents, and only one class of stock is allowed. For most small businesses, the tax savings far outweigh these administrative requirements.

The Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction under Section 199A allows owners of pass-through businesses — sole proprietorships, S-Corps, LLCs, and partnerships — to deduct up to 23% of their qualified business income starting in 2026, permanently extended and enhanced under the OBBBA. The full deduction is available if taxable income is below approximately $197,300 (single) or $394,600 (married filing jointly).

Yes. S-Corp owners can claim the QBI deduction on their share of the S-Corp's qualified business income. However, W-2 wages paid to yourself as an S-Corp employee are not included in QBI — only the pass-through profit qualifies.

It depends on income. Consultants are classified as a "specified service trade or business" (SSTB), which means the QBI deduction phases out above approximately $197,300 (single) or $394,600 (married) in 2026. Below those thresholds, consultants get the full 23% deduction.

Yes — the OBBBA permanently extended and enhanced the QBI deduction, increasing it from 20% to 23% starting in 2026. It no longer faces a sunset date. This is one of the most significant permanent tax changes for self-employed individuals and pass-through business owners.

The basic calculation is 23% of your qualified business income, limited to the lesser of 23% of QBI or 50% of W-2 wages paid by the business (or 25% of W-2 wages plus 2.5% of qualified property). For most small business owners below the income thresholds, the calculation is simply 23% of net business income.

Bonus depreciation allows businesses to immediately deduct 100% of the cost of qualifying assets in the year of purchase. The OBBBA (signed July 4, 2025) permanently restored 100% bonus depreciation for property placed in service after January 19, 2025. It applies to new and used equipment, vehicles, and qualified improvement property.

No. The OBBBA permanently restored 100% bonus depreciation for property placed in service after January 19, 2025. The prior phase-down schedule (40% in 2025, 20% in 2026, 0% in 2027) has been eliminated. This is now a permanent feature of the tax code.

Yes — unlike Section 179, bonus depreciation can create or increase a net operating loss (NOL). That NOL can be carried forward to future years to offset future income, or in some cases carried back to prior years for a refund.

Yes. Since 2017, bonus depreciation applies to both new and used qualifying property, as long as the property is new to you (you have not previously used it). This makes it possible to generate large deductions from purchasing used equipment, vehicles, or even existing rental properties.

Yes. You can elect out of bonus depreciation for a specific class of assets (e.g., all 5-year property) if you prefer to depreciate assets over their regular recovery period. This might make sense if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket in future years and want to preserve deductions for when they are worth more.

A single-member LLC is taxed as a sole proprietorship by default (Schedule C). A multi-member LLC is taxed as a partnership by default (Form 1065). An LLC can elect to be taxed as an S-Corp (Form 2553) or C-Corp (Form 8832). The S-Corp election is the most common tax optimization strategy for profitable LLCs, as it reduces self-employment tax on the portion of income taken as distributions rather than salary.

The S-Corp election typically makes sense when net profit exceeds $80,000-$100,000/year. Below that level, the administrative costs of running an S-Corp (payroll processing, additional tax filings, state fees) often exceed the SE tax savings. The breakeven point depends on your state, the cost of payroll services, and the reasonable salary for your role.

The IRS requires S-Corp owner-employees to pay themselves a "reasonable compensation" — what you would pay an unrelated employee to perform the same services. The IRS looks at industry compensation data, the company's profitability, and the owner's duties. Setting the salary too low is the most common S-Corp audit trigger. Uncle Kam can help you determine a defensible reasonable salary for your specific business.

Yes — you can elect S-Corp status for an existing LLC by filing Form 2553 with the IRS. The election can be made at any time during the year for the following year, or within the first 2.5 months of the tax year for the current year. Some states require a separate state-level S-Corp election. The LLC remains an LLC for state law purposes; the S-Corp election only changes the federal (and sometimes state) tax treatment.

Disadvantages include: (1) additional administrative burden (payroll processing, quarterly payroll tax deposits, W-2 issuance, Form 1120-S filing), (2) additional cost ($500-$2,000/year for payroll services and tax preparation), (3) S-Corp restrictions (no more than 100 shareholders, only one class of stock, no foreign shareholders), and (4) some states do not recognize the S-Corp election and tax LLCs as corporations regardless.

The QBI deduction (Section 199A) allows owners of pass-through businesses (sole proprietorships, partnerships, S-Corps, and some trusts) to deduct up to 23% of their qualified business income from federal taxable income starting in 2026, permanently extended and enhanced under the OBBBA. Employees and C-Corp shareholders do not qualify.

SSTBs are businesses in fields like law, health, financial services, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, consulting (in the narrow IRS sense), athletics, and brokerage services. For SSTB owners with income above the phase-out thresholds (approximately $197,300 single / $394,600 MFJ in 2026), the QBI deduction phases out completely. Below the threshold, SSTB owners get the full deduction. The "consulting" SSTB is narrowly defined — many business advisors and management consultants do not qualify as SSTBs.

For non-SSTB businesses, the deduction is limited to the greater of: (a) 50% of W-2 wages paid by the business, or (b) 25% of W-2 wages plus 2.5% of the unadjusted basis of qualified property. These limitations apply when taxable income exceeds approximately $197,300 (single) or $394,600 (MFJ) in 2026. Below these thresholds, the full 23% deduction applies without the W-2 wage limitation.

For S-Corp owners, the QBI deduction applies to the S-Corp's qualified business income — which is the net income after the owner's reasonable salary is deducted. The salary itself is not QBI. This creates a tension: a lower salary increases QBI (and the deduction) but also increases the W-2 wage limitation at higher income levels. Uncle Kam can model the optimal salary to maximize the combined QBI deduction and SE tax savings.

Yes — the OBBBA permanently extended and enhanced the QBI deduction, increasing it from 20% to 23% starting in 2026. It no longer faces a sunset date. This is one of the most significant permanent tax changes for self-employed individuals and pass-through business owners.

A Simplified Employee Pension (SEP-IRA) is a retirement account for self-employed individuals and small business owners. It allows contributions of up to 25% of net self-employment income (after the SE tax deduction), with a maximum of $72,000 in 2026. Any self-employed person with net income can open a SEP-IRA.

A SEP-IRA can be opened and funded up to the tax filing deadline, including extensions. For a sole proprietor, this means you can open a SEP-IRA and make a 2026 contribution as late as October 15, 2027 (with an extension). This makes it the most flexible retirement plan for last-minute tax planning.

The SEP-IRA contribution limit is 25% of net self-employment income (after deducting half of self-employment tax), up to a maximum of $72,000 in 2026. For a freelancer with $100,000 in net income, the maximum SEP-IRA contribution is approximately $18,587.

For most self-employed individuals, a Solo 401(k) allows higher contributions because it includes both employee deferrals and employer contributions. A SEP-IRA is simpler to administer and can be opened after year-end. If you want maximum contributions and are willing to manage payroll, the Solo 401(k) wins. If simplicity is the priority, the SEP-IRA is excellent.

Yes. SEP-IRA contributions do not affect your ability to contribute to a Roth IRA (subject to income limits) or use the backdoor Roth strategy. However, having pre-tax SEP-IRA funds can complicate backdoor Roth conversions due to the pro-rata rule. Uncle Kam helps clients navigate this interaction.

Self-employed individuals can choose from a SEP-IRA (up to 25% of net self-employment income, max $72,000 in 2026), a Solo 401(k) (up to ~$70,000 plus $7,500 catch-up if over 50), a SIMPLE IRA, or a Defined Benefit Plan (which can shelter $100,000+ annually for high earners). The Solo 401(k) is typically the best option for most self-employed individuals because it allows both employee deferrals and employer contributions.

In 2026, a Solo 401(k) allows up to $24,500 as an employee deferral (plus $7,500 catch-up if over 50) plus up to 25% of net self-employment income as an employer contribution, for a combined maximum of approximately $70,000 ($77,500 with catch-up). This is significantly higher than a SEP-IRA for most income levels.

Generally no — you cannot contribute to both a Solo 401(k) and a SEP-IRA for the same self-employment income in the same year. However, you can have a Solo 401(k) for your self-employment income and participate in an employer's 401(k) at a day job, though combined employee deferrals across all plans are capped at $24,500 in 2026.

You must establish a Solo 401(k) by December 31 of the tax year to make employee deferrals for that year. Employer profit-sharing contributions can be made up to the tax filing deadline (including extensions). A SEP-IRA, by contrast, can be established and funded up to the tax filing deadline.

No — retirement contributions reduce income tax but not self-employment tax. SE tax is calculated on net self-employment income before retirement contributions. However, the deduction for half of SE tax reduces your AGI, which in turn reduces the base on which retirement contribution limits are calculated.

The personal Clean Vehicle Credit (§30D) for new EVs was repealed under the OBBBA for vehicles purchased after December 31, 2025. However, the Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit (§45W, Form 8936) for business-use EVs remains available at up to $7,500 for vehicles under 14,000 lbs. If you are buying an EV for business use, the commercial credit still applies. Book a call to confirm eligibility for your specific vehicle and use case.

To qualify for the full $7,500 credit, the vehicle must be a new plug-in electric vehicle with a battery capacity of at least 7 kWh, have a final assembly in North America, meet critical mineral and battery component sourcing requirements, and fall within MSRP limits ($55,000 for cars, $80,000 for SUVs and trucks). The IRS maintains a current list of qualifying vehicles at fueleconomy.gov.

Yes — starting in 2024, you can transfer the Clean Vehicle Credit to the dealer at the point of sale, effectively receiving the credit as a discount on the purchase price. This is beneficial if your tax liability is less than $7,500 or if you want the benefit immediately rather than waiting until you file your return. The dealer then claims the credit from the IRS.

Businesses can claim the Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit (Form 8936) for EVs used in business, which provides up to $7,500 for vehicles under 14,000 lbs GVWR and up to $40,000 for larger commercial vehicles. Unlike the personal credit, the commercial credit has no income limits and no MSRP caps. Businesses can also combine the credit with Section 179 expensing and bonus depreciation.

The personal Clean Vehicle Credit is non-refundable — it can reduce your tax liability to zero but cannot generate a refund. However, if you transfer the credit to the dealer at purchase, you receive the full benefit regardless of your tax liability. The Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit for businesses is also non-refundable but can be carried back 1 year or forward 20 years.

A home office must be used regularly and exclusively for business — a dedicated room or clearly defined space used only for work. A kitchen table where you occasionally work does not qualify. The space must be your principal place of business or where you meet clients.

No. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the home office deduction for W-2 employees through 2025. Only self-employed individuals, freelancers, and business owners can currently claim the home office deduction.

You can deduct the business-use percentage of your internet bill. If your home office is 10% of your home's square footage, you can deduct 10% of your internet costs. If you use the internet exclusively for business (a separate business line), you can deduct 100%.

The simplified method allows you to deduct $5 per square foot of your home office, up to 300 square feet ($1,500 maximum). It is easier to calculate but often produces a smaller deduction than the actual expense method for most homeowners.

The home office deduction is not an automatic audit trigger. The IRS does scrutinize it, but a properly documented, legitimate home office is fully defensible. The key is the "exclusive use" requirement — the space must be used only for business, not as a guest room or general living area.