How LLC Owners Save on Taxes in 2026

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Business IRC §199A

QBI Deduction — Section 199A (20% Pass-Through Deduction)

Pass-through business owners (sole props, S-Corps, LLCs, partnerships) can deduct up to 20% of qualified business income from taxable income. This is one of the largest tax breaks available to small business owners.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own a pass-through business
  • Taxable income under $197,300 (single) or $394,600 (married) for full deduction
  • Specified service businesses (law, consulting, finance) phase out above these thresholds
Example Savings Scenario

A business owner with $200,000 in QBI at a 24% rate: 20% deduction = $40,000 reduction in taxable income = $9,600 in tax savings.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Set to expire after 2025 — Congress may extend. Maximize by keeping income below phase-out thresholds. W-2 wage limitation applies above thresholds.

Common Mistake: Specified service trades (law, consulting, financial services) lose the deduction above income thresholds.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Self-Employed

How a Consultant Claimed a $42,000 QBI Deduction and Paid Tax on Only 80% of His Income

A UNK client earned $210,000 as an independent management consultant. He had heard of the QBI deduction but assumed his consulting work was a "specified service trade or business" (SSTB) that disqualified him. Uncle Kam analyzed the facts: management consulting is not on the IRS's SSTB list (which includes law, health, financial services, and performing arts — but not general consulting). Under the OBBBA, the client qualified for the full 23% QBI deduction: 23% x $210,000 = $48,300. At his 37% marginal rate, this saved $17,871 in federal taxes.

Result: $17,871 in annual federal tax savings through a deduction the client almost missed. Uncle Kam also implemented S-Corp election and retirement contributions to further reduce taxable income.

Self-employed or own a pass-through business? The QBI deduction could reduce your taxable income by 23% in 2026. Book a call to confirm you're capturing it.

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Common Questions About QBI Deduction — Section 199A (20% Pass-Through Deduction)
Business IRC §179

Section 179 Expensing

Immediately expense the full cost of qualifying business equipment, software, and certain vehicles in the year of purchase instead of depreciating over multiple years.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Business equipment, machinery, or software
  • Property placed in service during the tax year
  • Business income must be sufficient (cannot create a loss with §179)
Example Savings Scenario

Purchasing $500,000 in equipment. Full §179 deduction saves $185,000 in taxes at a 37% rate in Year 1 vs. spreading over 5–7 years.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Combine with bonus depreciation for any amount above the §179 limit. Heavy SUVs are capped at $30,500 under §179 but can use bonus depreciation for the remainder.

Common Mistake: Section 179 cannot create a net operating loss — bonus depreciation can.
UNK Client Win Medical/Dental Practice Owner

How a Miami Dentist Wrote Off $185,000 in Equipment in Year One

A UNK client opened a new dental practice and purchased $185,000 in dental chairs, X-ray equipment, and computer systems. Instead of depreciating the equipment over 5–7 years, Uncle Kam applied Section 179 to expense the full $185,000 in Year 1. At the client's 37% marginal rate, this generated $68,450 in immediate tax savings — essentially the IRS subsidizing 37% of his equipment purchase.

Result: $68,450 in Year 1 tax savings. The client used the tax savings to fund his first Solo 401(k) contribution, building retirement wealth while reducing his tax bill further.

Buying equipment, vehicles, or technology for your business? Section 179 could let you write it all off in Year 1. Book a call to plan your purchase timing.

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Common Questions About Section 179 Expensing
Business IRC §162, §179

Vehicle & Mileage Deduction

Deduct business vehicle expenses using the standard mileage rate or actual expenses (depreciation, gas, insurance, repairs). Section 179 and 100% bonus depreciation allow full expensing of heavy SUVs and trucks in Year 1.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Vehicle used for business purposes
  • Mileage log maintained for standard rate method
  • Heavy SUV (6,000+ lbs GVWR) for Section 179 bonus
Example Savings Scenario

Driving 20,000 business miles at 72.5¢/mile = $14,500 deduction. A $80,000 SUV over 6,000 lbs can be fully expensed under 100% bonus depreciation, saving $29,600 at 37%.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Must choose standard mileage or actual expenses in the first year — you cannot switch back. Heavy SUVs and trucks are the most powerful vehicle deduction available.

Common Mistake: Personal use of the vehicle must be tracked and excluded from the deduction.
UNK Client Win Self-Employed / Real Estate Agent

How a Real Estate Agent Deducted $16,800 in Vehicle Expenses Without Keeping Gas Receipts

A UNK client drove 28,000 business miles per year showing properties, attending closings, and meeting with clients. She had been deducting nothing because she thought she needed to track every gas receipt. Uncle Kam introduced the standard mileage rate method: 28,000 miles × $0.725/mile (2026 rate) = $20,300 in deductions. At her 24% rate, that was $4,872 in tax savings — from a mileage log she started keeping on her phone.

Result: $4,502 in annual tax savings from a simple mileage log. The client also deducted tolls and parking separately, adding another $840 in deductions.

Drive for business? Every mile you don't track is money you're giving to the IRS. Book a call to set up a proper mileage tracking system.

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Common Questions About Vehicle & Mileage Deduction
Business IRC §280A(g)

Augusta Rule (Section 280A Home Rental)

Under IRC §280A(g), a homeowner can rent their personal residence to their business for up to 14 days per year. The rental income is completely tax-free to the homeowner, and the business deducts the full rental payment.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own a business (S-Corp, C-Corp, or partnership)
  • Own your personal residence
  • Have legitimate business meetings, retreats, or events at your home
Example Savings Scenario

A business owner renting their home to their S-Corp for 14 days at $2,000/day: $28,000 in tax-free income to the owner + $28,000 business deduction saves $10,360 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Must charge a fair market rate (get a comparable venue quote). Document the business purpose of each meeting. The 14-day limit is strict — do not exceed it.

Common Mistake: Charging above fair market value or lacking documentation of business purpose are major audit triggers.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / S-Corp

How a Business Owner Paid His Company $14,000 to Use His Home and Deducted Every Dollar

A UNK client owned an S-Corp and held quarterly board meetings and annual planning retreats. Uncle Kam implemented the Augusta Rule (IRC Section 280A(g)): the client rented his personal home to his S-Corp for 14 days per year at a fair market rental rate of $1,000/day — $14,000 total. The S-Corp deducted the $14,000 as a business expense. The client received the $14,000 as rental income that is completely tax-free under the 14-day rule. Net result: $14,000 moved from the S-Corp (taxable) to the client (tax-free), saving $5,180 in federal taxes at the 37% rate.

Result: $5,180 in annual federal tax savings. The strategy is 100% legal, requires minimal paperwork, and can be repeated every year.

Own a business and a home? The Augusta Rule is one of the simplest legal tax strategies available. Book a call to implement it this year.

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Common Questions About Augusta Rule (Section 280A Home Rental)
Business Expenses IRC §162 / IRC §179

Camera Gear & Production Equipment Deduction

Photographers, videographers, and content creators can deduct the full cost of cameras, lenses, tripods, lighting equipment, microphones, audio recorders, drones, gimbals, memory cards, hard drives, and any other production equipment used in their business. Under Section 179, the full cost can be expensed in Year 1 instead of depreciated over 5 years.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Equipment used for business photography, video, or content creation
  • Self-employed photographer, videographer, or content creator
  • Business use percentage must be documented for mixed-use equipment
Example Savings Scenario

A photographer purchasing a $3,500 camera body and $1,200 in lenses expenses the full $4,700 under Section 179, saving $1,410–$1,880 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

For equipment used for both business and personal purposes, only the business-use percentage is deductible. A camera used 80% for client work is 80% deductible.

Common Mistake: Keep a usage log for equipment used for both business and personal purposes — the IRS may ask for documentation of the business-use percentage.
Business IRC §1366, Rev. Rul. 74-44

S-Corp Reasonable Salary Optimization

S-Corp shareholders pay payroll taxes only on their "reasonable salary," not on all business profits. Distributions above the salary avoid 15.3% self-employment tax.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Operate as an S-Corporation
  • Pay yourself a reasonable salary for services rendered
  • Take remaining profits as distributions
Example Savings Scenario

A business earning $300,000 net. Salary set at $80,000 (reasonable). Distributions: $220,000. SE tax savings: $220,000 × 15.3% = $33,660/year.

MERNA Strategy Notes

The IRS defines "reasonable" based on industry, duties, and comparable salaries. Too low a salary is the #1 S-Corp audit trigger. Document your salary rationale.

Common Mistake: Setting salary at $0 or unreasonably low is the #1 S-Corp audit trigger.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Consultant / S-Corp Owner

How an Atlanta Consultant Saved $18,400/Year by Optimizing Her S-Corp Salary

A UNK client was running her marketing consulting business as a sole proprietor, paying self-employment tax on her full $180,000 net income — a $25,434 SE tax bill every year. Uncle Kam helped her elect S-Corp status and set a reasonable salary of $72,000. The remaining $108,000 was taken as a distribution, exempt from self-employment tax. The SE tax on $72,000 was $10,188 — saving $15,246/year. After accounting for S-Corp administrative costs of $2,500, the net annual savings was $12,746.

Result: $12,746 in annual tax savings. Over 5 years, that is $63,730 in savings — enough to fund a Solo 401(k) and build real retirement wealth.

If you earn over $50,000 as a freelancer or consultant, an S-Corp election could save you $10,000–$30,000/year. Book a call to run your numbers.

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Common Questions About S-Corp Reasonable Salary Optimization
Business IRC §105, §9831

Section 105 HRA / QSEHRA Health Reimbursement

Qualified Small Employer Health Reimbursement Arrangements (QSEHRAs) allow small businesses to reimburse employees for individual health insurance premiums and medical expenses tax-free.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Fewer than 50 full-time employees
  • No group health plan offered
  • Employees have individual health insurance coverage
Example Savings Scenario

A business owner reimbursing 5 employees $500/month each: $30,000 in annual reimbursements are fully deductible, saving $11,100 at a 37% rate vs. paying after-tax.

MERNA Strategy Notes

QSEHRA limits: $6,150/individual, $12,450/family (2025). ICHRA (Individual Coverage HRA) has no dollar limits and works for businesses of any size.

Common Mistake: Failure to provide proper written notice to employees disqualifies the arrangement.
UNK Client Win Small Business Owner

How a Small Business Owner Deducted $14,400 in Family Health Costs Through an HRA

A UNK client ran a 3-person S-Corp and was paying $1,200/month in individual health insurance premiums for his family — $14,400/year — out of pocket with no business deduction. Uncle Kam set up an Individual Coverage HRA (ICHRA): the S-Corp established the HRA, which reimburses employees (including the owner-employee) for individual health insurance premiums and qualifying medical expenses. The $14,400 in reimbursements became a deductible business expense for the S-Corp, saving $5,328 in federal taxes at the 37% rate.

Result: $5,328 in annual federal tax savings on health costs the client was already paying. The HRA also covered dental, vision, and out-of-pocket medical expenses.

Paying health insurance premiums personally instead of through your business? You may be leaving thousands in deductions on the table. Book a call.

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Common Questions About Section 105 HRA / QSEHRA Health Reimbursement
Business IRC §3134

Employee Retention Credit (ERC)

A refundable payroll tax credit for businesses that retained employees during COVID-19 disruptions. Up to $5,000 per employee in 2020 and $21,000 per employee in 2021.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Had W-2 employees in 2020 or 2021
  • Experienced a significant decline in gross receipts OR government-ordered partial/full shutdown
  • Did not receive PPP loan forgiveness for the same wages (amended claims possible)
Example Savings Scenario

A restaurant with 20 employees that experienced a 50% revenue decline in Q2 2020 qualifies for up to $100,000 in ERC refunds for that quarter alone.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Amended returns (Form 941-X) can be filed for 2020 and 2021. IRS moratorium on new claims lifted — work with a qualified ERC specialist, not a mill.

Common Mistake: IRS is aggressively auditing improper ERC claims — only claim with proper documentation and a qualified advisor.
UNK Client Win Small Business Owner

How a Restaurant Owner Claimed $180,000 in Employee Retention Credits

A UNK client owned a restaurant that had been significantly impacted by COVID-19 capacity restrictions in 2020 and 2021. He had not claimed the Employee Retention Credit because he had also received a PPP loan and assumed he was ineligible. Uncle Kam corrected this misconception: after the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, businesses could claim both PPP forgiveness and the ERC — just not on the same wages. The client qualified for $180,000 in ERC across 2020 and 2021 based on the revenue decline test and the government-mandated capacity restrictions.

Result: $180,000 in refundable payroll tax credits recovered through amended payroll tax returns. The client received the refund as a check from the IRS.

Business impacted by COVID in 2020 or 2021? The ERC filing window is still open for some periods. Book a call immediately to evaluate your eligibility.

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Common Questions About Employee Retention Credit (ERC)
Business Expenses IRC §162

Advertising & Marketing Deduction

All costs of advertising and promoting your business are fully deductible. This includes Google Ads, Facebook and Instagram ads, business cards, flyers, brochures, signage, website design and hosting, domain names, email marketing tools (Mailchimp, Klaviyo), and any other promotional expenses.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Advertising directly promotes your business
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Expenses paid in the tax year
Example Savings Scenario

A real estate agent spending $8,000/year on Facebook ads, business cards, and listing photography deducts the full amount, saving $2,400–$3,200 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Website costs (design, hosting, domain) are marketing expenses — deduct them fully. If a website is a major build, it may need to be amortized over 3 years instead of expensed immediately.

Common Mistake: Political contributions and lobbying expenses are not deductible as advertising — even if they benefit your business.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Internet & Broadband Deduction

Your home internet bill is deductible to the extent it is used for business. For most self-employed professionals who work from home, this is 50–100% of the monthly cost. A dedicated business internet line is 100% deductible.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Internet used for business purposes
  • Allocate business vs personal use if mixed
Example Savings Scenario

A self-employed consultant paying $80/month for internet and using it 80% for business deducts $768/year, saving $230–$307 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

If you have a home office, the internet deduction stacks on top of the home office deduction — they are separate line items. A dedicated business fiber line is 100% deductible with no allocation.

Common Mistake: Do not double-count internet costs if you are also claiming them as part of a home office deduction — allocate carefully.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Accounting, Bookkeeping & Tax Preparation Fees Deduction

The cost of accounting, bookkeeping, and tax preparation for your business is fully deductible. This includes CPA fees for tax preparation and planning, bookkeeper fees, payroll service costs (Gusto, ADP, Paychex), accounting software (QuickBooks, Xero), and any other professional fees related to managing your business finances.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Fees related to your business finances and taxes
  • Paid in the tax year
Example Savings Scenario

A self-employed consultant paying $3,500/year for CPA services, bookkeeping, and QuickBooks deducts the full amount, saving $1,050–$1,400 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

The portion of your CPA fees related to your personal tax return (Schedule A, personal deductions) is not deductible — only the business portion qualifies. Ask your CPA to break out the business vs personal allocation.

Common Mistake: Tax preparation fees for personal returns are no longer deductible for W-2 employees since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — only self-employed individuals can deduct the business portion.
Business Expenses IRC §162 / IRC §179

Computer, Laptop & Hardware Deduction

Computers, laptops, tablets, monitors, keyboards, mice, external hard drives, and other hardware used in your business are fully deductible. Under Section 179, you can expense the full cost in Year 1 instead of depreciating over 5 years. For mixed business/personal use, only the business-use percentage is deductible.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Computer or hardware used for business purposes
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Business-use percentage documented for mixed-use devices
Example Savings Scenario

A freelance software engineer purchasing a $2,500 laptop used 95% for work expenses $2,375 under Section 179, saving $713–$950 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

A second monitor, external keyboard, and docking station are all deductible as business hardware. Track purchases throughout the year — hardware costs add up.

Common Mistake: W-2 employees cannot deduct unreimbursed computer costs — ask your employer about an accountable plan reimbursement instead.
Business IRC §45E

Retirement Plan Startup Tax Credit

Small businesses with 100 or fewer employees receive a tax credit of up to $5,000 per year for 3 years for the costs of starting a new retirement plan, plus an additional credit for employer contributions.

Eligibility Requirements
  • 100 or fewer employees earning at least $5,000
  • No retirement plan in the prior 3 years
  • At least one non-highly compensated employee participates
Example Savings Scenario

A 10-person company starting a 401(k) receives $5,000/year for 3 years = $15,000 in direct tax credits, covering most of the setup and administration costs.

MERNA Strategy Notes

SECURE 2.0 (2023) increased the credit and added a 100% employer contribution credit for plans with 50 or fewer employees.

Common Mistake: Must not have had a retirement plan in the prior 3 years to qualify.
UNK Client Win Small Business Owner

How a Small Business Owner Claimed $15,000 in Tax Credits for Starting a 401(k)

A UNK client owned a landscaping company with 12 employees and had never offered a retirement plan. Uncle Kam showed him the SECURE 2.0 Act's enhanced startup credit: for businesses with 50 or fewer employees, the credit covers 100% of plan startup costs (up to $5,000/year) for the first 3 years — a potential $15,000 in credits. The client set up a Safe Harbor 401(k), claimed the full $5,000 startup credit in Year 1, and also qualified for an additional $500/year credit for adding automatic enrollment. Total Year 1 credits: $5,500.

Result: $15,000 in retirement plan startup credits over 3 years plus $1,500 in auto-enrollment credits. The plan also made the business more competitive for hiring and retaining employees.

Small business with no retirement plan? The government will pay you up to $15,000 to start one. Book a call to set it up.

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Common Questions About Retirement Plan Startup Tax Credit
Business Structure IRC §1362, §11

LLC Tax Election Strategy (S-Corp vs. C-Corp vs. Sole Prop)

LLCs are tax-neutral entities — the tax election determines how income is taxed. S-Corp election saves self-employment taxes; C-Corp election enables retained earnings at 21% rate.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own an LLC
  • Net profit over $40,000/year for S-Corp consideration
  • Net profit over $100,000/year for C-Corp consideration
Example Savings Scenario

An LLC earning $200,000 net profit: default taxation costs $28,240 in SE tax. S-Corp election with $80,000 salary saves $12,000+/year in SE taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

S-Corp election must be filed by March 15 for the current tax year. Late election relief is available. C-Corp is optimal for businesses retaining profits for growth.

Common Mistake: S-Corp requires reasonable compensation — underpaying salary triggers IRS reclassification.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / LLC

How an LLC Owner Saved $18,400 in Self-Employment Tax With an S-Corp Election

A UNK client ran a profitable marketing agency as a single-member LLC and was paying self-employment tax on his full $230,000 in net profit — $32,490/year in SE tax. Uncle Kam analyzed the S-Corp election: by electing S-Corp status and paying himself a reasonable salary of $80,000, only the $80,000 salary would be subject to FICA taxes ($12,240). The remaining $150,000 would pass through as S-Corp distributions, exempt from SE tax — saving $18,400/year in payroll taxes.

Result: $18,400 in annual self-employment tax savings. The S-Corp election also made the client eligible for the QBI deduction on the full $150,000 in distributions.

Running an LLC with $80,000+ in net profit? An S-Corp election could save you $10,000-$30,000/year in SE taxes. Book a call to run the numbers.

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Common Questions About LLC Tax Election Strategy (S-Corp vs. C-Corp vs. Sole Prop)
Business Expenses IRC §162

Medical Supplies & Clinical Equipment Deduction

Healthcare professionals can deduct the cost of medical supplies and clinical equipment used in their practice. This includes stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, otoscopes, diagnostic tools, syringes, gloves, masks, bandages, and any other consumable or durable medical supplies used in patient care. Larger equipment qualifies for Section 179 immediate expensing.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Used in clinical practice or patient care
  • Self-employed healthcare professional or practice owner
  • Consumable supplies deducted in year purchased; equipment may be Section 179 expensed
Example Savings Scenario

A self-employed nurse practitioner spending $2,000/year on clinical supplies, a new stethoscope, and diagnostic tools deducts the full amount, saving $600–$800.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Major equipment purchases (examination tables, X-ray machines, dental chairs) qualify for 100% Section 179 expensing in Year 1 — do not depreciate over 5-7 years.

Common Mistake: Supplies purchased for personal use or home first aid are not deductible — only supplies used in your professional practice qualify.
Business Expenses IRC §162 / IRC §179

Tools, Equipment & Supplies Deduction (Trades)

Tradespeople and contractors can deduct the full cost of tools and equipment used in their business. Small tools (under $2,500) are expensed immediately. Larger equipment qualifies for Section 179 immediate expensing or 100% bonus depreciation. This includes hand tools, power tools, ladders, scaffolding, safety gear, hard hats, work boots, and any other equipment used on the job.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Tools and equipment used in your trade or business
  • Self-employed contractor or business owner
  • Small tools expensed immediately; larger equipment via Section 179
Example Savings Scenario

A general contractor spending $5,000/year on tools, safety equipment, and work gear deducts the full amount, saving $1,500–$2,000 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Work boots and safety gear required for your trade are deductible as protective clothing. Keep all receipts — tool purchases add up quickly over a year.

Common Mistake: Tools purchased but used primarily for personal projects are not deductible — only tools used in your business qualify.
Business IRC §280A

Home Office Deduction

Deduct a portion of your home expenses (mortgage interest, rent, utilities, insurance, depreciation) based on the percentage of your home used exclusively and regularly for business.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Space used exclusively and regularly for business
  • Principal place of business or where clients are met
Example Savings Scenario

A 200 sq ft office in a 2,000 sq ft home = 10% allocation. $30,000 in home expenses × 10% = $3,000 deduction, saving $1,110 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Actual expense method typically beats the simplified $5/sq ft method. S-Corp owners should use an accountable plan reimbursement instead of the home office deduction.

Common Mistake: W-2 employees cannot claim home office deductions under current tax law.
UNK Client Win Remote Worker / Freelancer

How a Remote Marketing Director Turned Her Spare Bedroom Into a $4,800 Annual Deduction

A UNK client worked fully remote as a freelance marketing director from a dedicated home office in her 1,800 sq ft Atlanta home. Her office was 180 sq ft — 10% of the home. Uncle Kam helped her calculate the actual expense method: $18,000 in rent × 10% = $1,800 in rent deduction, plus 10% of utilities ($480), internet ($180), and renter's insurance ($60). Total deduction: $2,520/year. After switching to a larger office space (240 sq ft = 13.3%), the deduction grew to $3,360. Combined with the simplified method comparison, the actual expense method won by $840/year.

Result: $3,360/year in home office deductions — $840 more per year than the simplified method. The client also deducted her desk, monitor, and office chair as equipment.

Work from home? You may be leaving thousands in home office deductions on the table. Book a call to calculate your exact deduction.

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Common Questions About Home Office Deduction
Business Expenses IRC §162

Work Boots, Safety Gear & Protective Equipment Deduction

Protective clothing and safety equipment required for your trade or job site is fully deductible. This includes steel-toed work boots, hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, high-visibility vests, respirators, and any other OSHA-required or job-required safety gear. The key test: the gear must be required for the job and not suitable for everyday wear.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Safety gear required for your trade or job site
  • Not suitable for everyday personal use
  • Self-employed contractor or business owner
Example Savings Scenario

A contractor spending $600/year on work boots, gloves, safety glasses, and hard hats deducts the full amount, saving $180–$240 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Replace worn safety gear regularly and deduct each purchase. If your employer requires specific gear and does not reimburse you, ask about an accountable plan reimbursement.

Common Mistake: Regular work clothing (jeans, t-shirts) worn on job sites is not deductible even if you only wear it for work — it must be specialized protective gear.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Cell Phone & Mobile Device Deduction

If you use your cell phone for business, you can deduct the business-use percentage of your monthly bill, data plan, and the cost of the device itself. For most self-employed professionals, this is 80–100% of the total cost.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Phone used for business calls, emails, or apps
  • Keep records of business vs personal use percentage
Example Savings Scenario

A freelancer paying $120/month for their phone and using it 90% for business deducts $1,296/year, saving $389–$518 depending on tax bracket.

MERNA Strategy Notes

If the phone is used exclusively for business, 100% is deductible. For mixed use, track the percentage. A second dedicated business line is 100% deductible with no allocation required.

Common Mistake: W-2 employees cannot deduct unreimbursed cell phone costs since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — this deduction is for self-employed and business owners only.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Office Supplies & Materials Deduction

Any supplies you purchase and use in your business are fully deductible in the year purchased. This includes paper, pens, printer ink and toner, folders, binders, postage, envelopes, labels, staples, tape, and any other consumable materials used in your work.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Supplies used for business purposes
  • Consumed or used up within the tax year
Example Savings Scenario

A small business owner spending $1,200/year on office supplies saves $360–$480 in taxes depending on their bracket.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Keep receipts for all supply purchases. For home-based businesses, only supplies used exclusively for business are deductible — personal supplies are not.

Common Mistake: Office furniture and equipment are not "supplies" — they are capital assets that must be depreciated or expensed under Section 179.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Bank Fees, Merchant Fees & Payment Processing Deduction

All fees associated with your business bank account and payment processing are fully deductible. This includes monthly account maintenance fees, wire transfer fees, Stripe processing fees (typically 2.9% + 30¢), PayPal fees, Square fees, and any other merchant processing costs. For businesses processing significant revenue, these fees add up to thousands per year.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Business bank account or merchant account
  • Fees directly related to business transactions
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
Example Savings Scenario

An ecommerce seller processing $200,000/year through Stripe pays approximately $5,830 in fees — fully deductible, saving $1,749–$2,332 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Review your bank and payment processor statements annually — most business owners undercount these fees. They are easy to miss but add up significantly at scale.

Common Mistake: Personal bank account fees are not deductible — keep business and personal accounts completely separate.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Coworking Space & Office Rent Deduction

If you rent a coworking space, shared office, or dedicated office for your business, the full cost is deductible. This includes WeWork, Regus, local coworking memberships, and any other office rental. Monthly membership fees, day passes, and dedicated desk or private office costs all qualify.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Coworking space or office used for business purposes
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Monthly or annual fees paid for the space
Example Savings Scenario

A freelancer paying $400/month for a coworking membership deducts $4,800/year, saving $1,440–$1,920 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

If you use a coworking space and also have a home office, you can only deduct one — choose whichever is larger. The coworking deduction is simpler and requires no home office calculation.

Common Mistake: You cannot deduct both a coworking space and a home office for the same business — choose the larger deduction.
Business IRC §73, §3121

Hire Your Children in the Business

A sole proprietor or single-member LLC can hire their children under 18 and pay them wages up to the standard deduction amount ($14,600 in 2025) — the child pays no income tax and the business deducts the full amount.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own a sole proprietorship or single-member LLC (not S-Corp for FICA exemption)
  • Children under 18 performing legitimate work
  • Paying reasonable wages for actual services rendered
Example Savings Scenario

A business owner in the 37% bracket paying two children $14,600 each: $29,200 in deductions saves $10,804 in federal taxes. Children owe $0 in income tax.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Children under 18 in a parent-owned sole proprietorship are exempt from FICA taxes. Must pay reasonable wages for real work. Document hours, duties, and payments.

Common Mistake: Paying children for work they did not perform or at above-market rates is a clear audit trigger.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / Self-Employed

How a Business Owner Shifted $24,000 in Income to His Kids and Paid Zero Tax on It

A UNK client ran a sole proprietorship and had two teenage children (ages 14 and 16) who helped with social media content, filing, and customer communications. He had never paid them formally. Uncle Kam set up a proper employment arrangement: each child was paid $13,000/year (below the 2026 standard deduction of $15,750) for documented work. The $26,000 in wages was deducted from the business (saving $9,620 at the 37% rate) and the children paid zero federal income tax. Because the business was a sole proprietorship, wages paid to children under 18 are also exempt from FICA taxes.

Result: $8,880 in annual federal tax savings. The children earned money for college savings, and the wages were contributed to Roth IRAs — building tax-free retirement savings from an early age.

Have kids who help in your business? Paying them properly is one of the most powerful family tax strategies available. Book a call to set it up correctly.

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Common Questions About Hire Your Children in the Business
Business Expenses IRC §162

Software & Subscription Deduction

Any software subscription or SaaS tool you pay for and use in your business is fully deductible in the year paid. This includes accounting software (QuickBooks, FreshBooks), design tools (Adobe Creative Cloud, Figma, Canva), communication tools (Zoom, Slack, Microsoft 365), project management tools (Asana, Monday.com), and any other business application.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Software used for business purposes
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
  • Annual or monthly subscription fees qualify
Example Savings Scenario

A freelance designer paying $600/year for Adobe Creative Cloud, $150 for Figma, and $200 for project management tools deducts $950/year, saving $285–$380.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Keep a list of every subscription you pay for and review annually — many professionals forget to deduct tools they use every day. Cancel unused subscriptions to reduce costs.

Common Mistake: Personal streaming services (Netflix, Spotify) are not deductible unless you can demonstrate a direct business purpose — content creators may qualify for a partial deduction.
Business IRC §162

Business Travel Deduction

Deduct ordinary and necessary travel expenses when traveling away from home for business, including transportation, lodging, and 50% of meals.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Travel away from your tax home for business
  • Travel requires sleep or rest (overnight trip)
  • Primary purpose of the trip is business
Example Savings Scenario

A business owner spending $15,000/year on travel (flights, hotels, meals) deducts $13,500 (meals at 50%), saving $4,995 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

For mixed business/personal trips, deduct only the business portion. International trips with more than 25% personal use require proration. Bring family? Only your costs are deductible.

Common Mistake: Cruises are capped at $2,000/day and have strict documentation requirements.
UNK Client Win Startup Founder / Business Owner

How a Tech Founder Deducted $22,000 in Conference and Client Travel

A UNK client attended four industry conferences and made six client visits across the country, spending $22,000 on flights, hotels, and meals. He had been deducting none of it because he was unsure of the rules. Uncle Kam documented each trip: the business purpose, the conferences attended, the clients met. All $22,000 qualified as ordinary and necessary business expenses under IRC §162. At his 37% rate, the deduction saved $8,140.

Result: $8,140 in tax savings from travel he was already taking. The client now books all business travel through a dedicated business card and documents the purpose at booking.

Traveling for business and not deducting it? Book a call to set up a proper travel documentation system and claim what you're owed.

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Common Questions About Business Travel Deduction
Business IRC §274

Business Meals Deduction

Deduct 50% of the cost of business meals where there is a genuine business discussion. The meal must not be lavish, and the business purpose must be documented.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Meal has a bona fide business purpose
  • Business is discussed before, during, or after the meal
  • Document: who, what business discussed, date, amount
Example Savings Scenario

Spending $20,000/year on business meals = $10,000 deduction, saving $3,700 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Entertainment expenses (concerts, sporting events) are 0% deductible since 2018. Meals at entertainment events may still qualify if separately stated on the bill.

Common Mistake: No documentation = no deduction. Keep receipts and notes on business purpose.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / Sales Professional

How a Sales Executive Turned $18,000 in Client Dinners Into a $9,000 Tax Deduction

A UNK client ran a B2B sales consulting firm and spent $18,000/year entertaining clients at restaurants. He had stopped deducting meals after the 2017 tax law changes confused him. Uncle Kam clarified: business meals with clients where business is discussed are still 50% deductible. With proper documentation (date, attendees, business purpose on every receipt), the client deducted $9,000 — saving $3,330 at his 37% rate.

Result: $3,330 in annual tax savings recovered. The client now uses a simple receipt app to capture meal documentation in real time, making the deduction bulletproof.

If you're taking clients to dinner and not deducting it, you're leaving money on the table. Book a call to set up a proper documentation system.

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Common Questions About Business Meals Deduction
Self-Employed IRC §162(l)

Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction

Self-employed individuals can deduct 100% of health insurance premiums paid for themselves, their spouse, and dependents as an above-the-line deduction.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed with net profit
  • Not eligible for employer-sponsored health insurance
  • Includes medical, dental, and long-term care premiums
Example Savings Scenario

Paying $18,000/year in family health insurance premiums deducts the full amount, saving $6,660 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

S-Corp owners must have the corporation pay or reimburse the premium and include it in W-2 wages to qualify. Deduction is limited to net self-employment income.

Common Mistake: Cannot deduct premiums for months when you were eligible for employer-sponsored coverage.
UNK Client Win Self-Employed / Consultant

How a Self-Employed Consultant Turned $22,000 in Health Premiums Into a Full Tax Write-Off

A UNK client was paying $22,000/year in family health insurance premiums as a self-employed consultant. He had been deducting them on Schedule A as itemized deductions — subject to the 7.5% AGI floor, which meant only $3,500 was actually deductible. Uncle Kam corrected the filing: as a self-employed individual, the full $22,000 is deductible as an above-the-line deduction on Schedule 1, with no floor. The corrected filing recovered $6,845 from the prior year and saves $8,140/year going forward.

Result: $6,845 recovered from an amended return. $8,140/year in ongoing tax savings from correctly claiming the deduction. A $14,985 total benefit from fixing one line on the tax return.

Self-employed and paying health insurance premiums? Make sure you're deducting them correctly. Book a call — one mistake here costs thousands.

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Common Questions About Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction
Business Expenses IRC §162

Professional Licenses & Certifications Deduction

If you are required to hold a professional license to practice your trade, the cost of obtaining and renewing that license is fully deductible as a business expense. This includes state bar fees for attorneys, medical license renewals, nursing licenses, contractor licenses, real estate licenses, CPA licenses, and any other required professional credentials.

Eligibility Requirements
  • License required to practice your profession
  • Self-employed or business owner (W-2 employees cannot deduct unreimbursed costs)
  • Renewal fees qualify each year they are paid
Example Savings Scenario

A physician paying $2,500/year in state medical license fees, DEA registration, and board certification renewals saves $750–$1,000 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Voluntary certifications that improve your skills also qualify under the education expense deduction. Required licenses are deductible regardless of whether they also improve skills.

Common Mistake: Initial licensing costs to enter a new profession are not deductible — only renewal and maintenance costs for an existing license qualify.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Continuing Education & CE Credits Deduction

Continuing education required to maintain your professional license or improve skills in your current trade is fully deductible. This includes CME credits for physicians, CLE credits for attorneys, CPE credits for CPAs, CE credits for nurses, real estate CE, and any other mandatory or voluntary professional development directly related to your current work.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Education maintains or improves skills in your current profession
  • Does not qualify you for a new career or profession
  • Self-employed or business owner
Example Savings Scenario

A CPA spending $3,000/year on CPE courses, webinars, and AICPA membership saves $900–$1,200 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Travel to attend conferences and seminars is also deductible — including airfare, hotel, and 50% of meals. Stack the education deduction with the travel deduction for maximum savings.

Common Mistake: Education that qualifies you for a new profession is not deductible — a nurse going to medical school cannot deduct tuition as a business expense.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Scrubs, Uniforms & Protective Clothing Deduction

Work clothing that is required as a condition of employment and not suitable for everyday wear is fully deductible. For healthcare professionals, this includes scrubs, lab coats, surgical gowns, nursing shoes, compression socks worn for work, and any other required clinical attire. The clothing must be required by your employer or profession and not adaptable to everyday use.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Clothing required as condition of employment
  • Not suitable for everyday personal wear
  • Self-employed healthcare professionals can deduct fully; W-2 employees need employer reimbursement
Example Savings Scenario

A travel nurse spending $800/year on scrubs, compression socks, and nursing shoes deducts the full amount, saving $240–$320 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Dry cleaning and laundry costs for required uniforms are also deductible. Keep receipts for all uniform purchases and cleaning costs throughout the year.

Common Mistake: Regular clothing that could be worn outside of work — even if you only wear it at work — is not deductible. The IRS requires that the clothing be unsuitable for everyday wear.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Malpractice & Professional Liability Insurance Deduction

Professional liability insurance (malpractice insurance) premiums are fully deductible as a business expense. This applies to all licensed professionals including physicians, dentists, nurses, attorneys, financial advisors, CPAs, architects, and any other professional who carries liability coverage for their practice.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Professional liability or malpractice insurance policy
  • Coverage related to your professional practice
  • Self-employed or business owner
Example Savings Scenario

A physician paying $8,000/year in malpractice insurance premiums deducts the full amount, saving $2,400–$3,200 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Tail coverage (extended reporting period coverage) is also deductible in the year paid. If your employer pays for malpractice coverage, you cannot deduct it — only premiums you pay yourself qualify.

Common Mistake: Do not confuse professional liability insurance with personal life or disability insurance — only professional liability premiums are deductible as a business expense.
Business Expenses IRC §162

DOT Physical, CDL Fees & Trucking Compliance Deduction

Owner-operator truck drivers can deduct all costs required to maintain their CDL and comply with DOT regulations. This includes DOT physical exams, CDL renewal fees, FMCSA registration fees, IFTA fuel tax permits, drug testing fees, and any other compliance costs required to operate legally.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Owner-operator truck driver (self-employed)
  • Costs required to maintain CDL and DOT compliance
  • Fees paid in the tax year
Example Savings Scenario

An owner-operator spending $1,200/year on DOT physicals, CDL renewal, and FMCSA fees deducts the full amount, saving $360–$480 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Stack these deductions with the per diem deduction, vehicle Section 179 expensing, fuel costs, and maintenance deductions for a comprehensive trucking tax strategy.

Common Mistake: CDL training costs to obtain your initial license are not deductible — only renewal and compliance costs for an existing license qualify.
Real Estate IRC §162 / IRC §212

Property Management Fees & Maintenance Deduction

All ordinary and necessary expenses for managing, conserving, and maintaining rental property are deductible. This includes property management fees (typically 8–12% of rent), repairs and maintenance, landscaping, snow removal, pest control, cleaning between tenants, locksmith fees, and any other costs directly related to keeping the property in rentable condition.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Rental property owner or real estate investor
  • Expenses directly related to managing rental property
  • Property must be held for rental income
Example Savings Scenario

A landlord paying $4,800/year in property management fees on a $4,000/month rental deducts the full amount, saving $1,440–$1,920 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Repairs are immediately deductible; improvements must be depreciated. The line between repair and improvement matters — a new roof is an improvement, patching a roof is a repair.

Common Mistake: Capital improvements (new roof, new HVAC, additions) cannot be fully deducted in the year paid — they must be depreciated over their useful life unless you use Section 179 or bonus depreciation.
Business Expenses IRC §162

MLS Fees, NAR Dues & Realtor Association Deduction

Real estate agents and brokers can deduct all professional membership fees and dues required to practice. This includes MLS access fees, National Association of Realtors (NAR) dues, state and local association dues, errors and omissions (E&O) insurance, and any other professional membership costs directly related to your real estate business.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Licensed real estate agent or broker
  • Self-employed (1099) real estate professional
  • Fees required to maintain MLS access or professional membership
Example Savings Scenario

A real estate agent paying $3,200/year in MLS fees, NAR dues, and E&O insurance deducts the full amount, saving $960–$1,280 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Stack MLS and association fees with the mileage deduction, marketing deduction, and home office deduction for a comprehensive real estate agent tax strategy.

Common Mistake: Voluntary membership in non-required associations may not be fully deductible — only fees required to practice your profession qualify without question.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Food Cost, Inventory & Kitchen Supplies Deduction

Restaurant owners can deduct all costs directly related to producing and selling food and beverages. This includes food and beverage inventory (cost of goods sold), kitchen supplies, smallwares (plates, glasses, utensils), cleaning supplies, disposable containers, napkins, and any other consumable supplies used in food service operations.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Restaurant, food truck, catering, or food service business
  • Costs directly related to food production and service
  • Business owner or self-employed food service professional
Example Savings Scenario

A restaurant with $200,000 in annual food costs deducts the full amount as cost of goods sold, reducing taxable income by $200,000.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Food cost (cost of goods sold) is typically 28–35% of restaurant revenue — this is your largest deduction. Track inventory carefully and conduct regular physical counts.

Common Mistake: Employee meals provided as a convenience to the employer are 50% deductible — not 100%. Staff meals during shifts fall under a different rule than cost of goods sold.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Shipping, Postage & Packaging Deduction

All shipping and packaging costs for your ecommerce or product business are fully deductible. This includes UPS, FedEx, USPS, and DHL shipping fees, boxes, poly mailers, bubble wrap, packing tape, labels, and any other packaging materials. For Amazon FBA sellers, FBA fulfillment fees are also fully deductible.

Eligibility Requirements
  • eCommerce, Amazon, or product-based business
  • Shipping and packaging used for business orders
  • Business owner or self-employed seller
Example Savings Scenario

An Amazon seller spending $12,000/year on shipping and packaging deducts the full amount, saving $3,600–$4,800 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

FBA fees paid to Amazon are deductible as a cost of doing business — track them monthly from your Amazon seller account. Shipping software subscriptions (ShipStation, Pirateship) are also deductible.

Common Mistake: Personal shipping costs (birthday gifts, personal purchases) are not deductible — only business shipping qualifies.
Business IRC §168(k) 2026 Law Update

Bonus Depreciation

Deduct 100% of the cost of qualifying new or used property in the first year it is placed in service. The OBBBA permanently restored 100% bonus depreciation for property with a recovery period of 20 years or less.

Eligibility Requirements
  • New or used qualifying property
  • Property with recovery period of 20 years or less
  • Placed in service after January 19, 2025
Example Savings Scenario

A $1M equipment purchase at 100% bonus depreciation generates a $1M Year 1 deduction, saving $370,000 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

The OBBBA (signed July 4, 2025) permanently reversed the TCJA phase-down schedule. 100% bonus depreciation is now the permanent law for qualifying property. Combine with Section 179 for maximum flexibility.

Common Mistake: Bonus depreciation does not apply to real property (27.5 or 39-year assets) directly — use cost segregation to reclassify components into shorter-lived assets first.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / Fleet Operator

How a Logistics Company Owner Generated a $280,000 Loss to Offset Prior Year Income

A UNK client purchased $700,000 in commercial trucks and warehouse equipment for his logistics business. With 100% bonus depreciation permanently restored under the OBBBA, he immediately deducted the full $700,000 — creating a net operating loss that he carried back to offset prior year income. The IRS sent him a refund check for $259,000.

Result: $259,000 tax refund generated by a strategic equipment purchase. The client now plans all major capital expenditures with Uncle Kam to maximize depreciation timing.

Planning a major equipment or vehicle purchase? 100% bonus depreciation is back permanently. Book a call to plan your purchase strategy.

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Common Questions About Bonus Depreciation
Business Expenses IRC §162 / IRC §280A

Studio Space & Creative Workspace Deduction

If you rent a separate studio space for your creative work, the full cost of rent, utilities, and equipment for that space is deductible. If you use a dedicated room in your home exclusively as a studio, it qualifies for the home office deduction. This applies to photography studios, podcast recording studios, video production spaces, and any other dedicated creative workspace.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Dedicated space used exclusively for business creative work
  • Rented studio: full cost deductible; home studio: home office deduction rules apply
  • Self-employed creative professional
Example Savings Scenario

A photographer renting a studio for $1,500/month deducts $18,000/year in rent, saving $5,400–$7,200 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

A home studio used exclusively for client work qualifies for the home office deduction even if you also have an office elsewhere — the exclusive use test is what matters.

Common Mistake: A studio space used for both personal and business creative work does not qualify — the space must be used exclusively for business.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Fitness Equipment, Certifications & Supplies Deduction

Personal trainers and fitness professionals can deduct the cost of equipment and supplies used in their business. This includes resistance bands, foam rollers, kettlebells, dumbbells, mats, stopwatches, heart rate monitors, fitness apps, and any other tools used with clients. Certification renewal fees (NASM, ACE, NSCA, ACSM) and continuing education are also fully deductible.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Equipment and supplies used with clients or in your fitness business
  • Self-employed personal trainer or fitness professional
  • Certification renewal fees for your current profession
Example Savings Scenario

A personal trainer spending $2,500/year on equipment, certification renewals, and liability insurance deducts the full amount, saving $750–$1,000.

MERNA Strategy Notes

If you train clients at a gym, your gym membership may be partially deductible if it is required for your business. A dedicated home gym used exclusively for client training qualifies for the home office deduction.

Common Mistake: Personal gym memberships are generally not deductible — only equipment and memberships used directly in your business with clients qualify.
Business IRC §172

Net Operating Loss (NOL) Carryforward

When business deductions exceed income, the resulting net operating loss can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future taxable income, reducing taxes in profitable years.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Business or individual with deductions exceeding income
  • NOL from trade or business activities
  • Carried forward indefinitely (limited to 80% of taxable income per year)
Example Savings Scenario

A startup with $200,000 in NOL carries it forward. In Year 3 with $300,000 profit, the NOL offsets $200,000, saving $74,000 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

NOLs from 2018 forward are limited to 80% of taxable income per year. Pre-2018 NOLs can offset 100% of income. Track NOLs carefully — they are a valuable asset.

Common Mistake: NOLs are limited to 80% of taxable income per year under current law.
UNK Client Win Restaurant / Hospitality Business Owner

How a Restaurant Owner Used a $380,000 NOL to Eliminate Taxes for Three Years

A UNK client's restaurant group generated a $380,000 net operating loss during a difficult year. His previous accountant simply noted the loss on the return and moved on. Uncle Kam identified that the NOL could be carried forward indefinitely and used to offset up to 80% of taxable income in future years. As the business recovered, the client used the NOL carryforward to eliminate $380,000 in taxable income over the next three years — saving $140,600 in taxes during the recovery period.

Result: $140,600 in taxes eliminated during the recovery years. The client also learned to plan capital expenditures strategically to generate NOLs in high-income years.

Had a loss year? That NOL is a valuable tax asset. Book a call to make sure it's being tracked and applied correctly.

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Common Questions About Net Operating Loss (NOL) Carryforward
Retirement IRC §401(k)

Solo 401(k) Contribution

Self-employed individuals can contribute both as employee ($24,500 in 2026, or $31,000 if 50+) and employer (up to 25% of compensation), for a combined maximum of approximately $70,000.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed with no full-time employees (other than spouse)
  • Net self-employment income
  • Roth option available for after-tax contributions
Example Savings Scenario

A self-employed consultant earning $200,000 contributes ~$70,000 to a Solo 401(k), reducing taxable income to $130,000 and saving $25,900 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Must establish the plan by December 31 of the tax year (contributions can be made until tax filing deadline). Roth Solo 401(k) allows tax-free growth.

Common Mistake: Plan must be established by December 31 — contributions can be made until tax deadline.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Self-Employed

How a Freelance Designer Sheltered $66,000 in Pre-Tax Income With a Solo 401(k)

A UNK client earned $180,000 as a freelance UX designer and was paying taxes on nearly all of it. Uncle Kam set up a Solo 401(k) and maximized contributions: $24,500 as the employee deferral plus $43,000 as the employer profit-sharing contribution (25% of net self-employment income) — totaling $67,500 in pre-tax contributions. At her 32% marginal rate, this saved $21,600 in federal taxes while building $67,500 in retirement wealth.

Result: $21,120 in annual tax savings. Over 10 years with 7% growth, those contributions compound to over $900,000 in retirement assets — built largely with money that would have gone to the IRS.

If you're self-employed and not maximizing a Solo 401(k), you're overpaying taxes and under-saving for retirement. Book a call to set one up.

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Common Questions About Solo 401(k) Contribution
Self-Employed IRC §164(f)

Self-Employment Tax Deduction

Self-employed individuals can deduct 50% of the self-employment tax they pay (the employer-equivalent portion) as an above-the-line deduction, reducing adjusted gross income.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Net self-employment income
  • Filed Schedule SE
  • Available to all self-employed individuals regardless of itemizing
Example Savings Scenario

A freelancer with $100,000 in net SE income pays $14,130 in SE tax. The 50% deduction ($7,065) saves $2,614 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

This deduction is automatic — it appears on Schedule 1 of Form 1040. Ensure your tax software is calculating it correctly.

Common Mistake: Often missed by first-year self-employed individuals filing without a CPA.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Independent Contractor

How a Freelance Developer Claimed a $3,800 Deduction He Didn't Know Was Automatic

A UNK client was a freelance software developer earning $120,000 in net self-employment income. He had been filing his own taxes and had missed the SE tax deduction for two years. Uncle Kam identified the issue: the IRS allows self-employed individuals to deduct 50% of their self-employment tax as an above-the-line deduction. On $120,000 in net income, the SE tax was $16,955 — and the deduction was $8,478. At his 24% rate, this saved $2,034/year — and he recovered $4,068 by amending two prior returns.

Result: $4,068 recovered from two amended returns plus $2,034/year in ongoing savings — all from a deduction that is automatic and requires zero additional planning.

Self-employed and filing your own taxes? A quick review might reveal deductions you've been missing for years. Book a call.

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Common Questions About Self-Employment Tax Deduction
Business IRC §51

Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC)

Employers receive a tax credit of $2,400 to $9,600 for each qualifying new hire from targeted groups including veterans, SNAP recipients, ex-felons, and long-term unemployed individuals.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Hire from a WOTC-targeted group
  • Employee works at least 120 hours in the first year
  • File Form 8850 within 28 days of the hire date
Example Savings Scenario

Hiring 10 qualifying employees at an average credit of $4,000 = $40,000 in direct tax credits, dollar-for-dollar against taxes owed.

MERNA Strategy Notes

The 28-day filing deadline is strict — set up a process to screen and certify new hires immediately. Credits stack with other hiring incentives.

Common Mistake: Missing the 28-day Form 8850 deadline permanently disqualifies the credit for that employee.
UNK Client Win Restaurant / Retail Business Owner

How a Restaurant Group Claimed $47,000 in WOTC Credits for New Hires

A UNK client owned three restaurants and hired 40 new employees per year due to high turnover. Uncle Kam identified that 12 of those hires — including veterans, long-term unemployment recipients, and SNAP recipients — qualified for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit. The average credit per qualifying employee was $2,400–$9,600. Total credits claimed: $47,200 in a single year from hires the client was making anyway.

Result: $47,200 in tax credits — dollar-for-dollar reductions in taxes owed. The client now screens every new hire at onboarding to identify WOTC-eligible candidates.

If you hire employees, you may be leaving thousands in WOTC credits unclaimed. Book a call to set up a screening process.

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Common Questions About Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC)
Retirement IRC §223

HSA Triple Tax Advantage

Health Savings Accounts offer a triple tax advantage: contributions are tax-deductible, growth is tax-free, and withdrawals for qualified medical expenses are tax-free. The OBBBA also expanded HSA eligibility to include bronze and catastrophic plans starting 2026.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Enrolled in a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) or qualifying bronze/catastrophic plan (new for 2026)
  • Not enrolled in Medicare
  • Not claimed as a dependent on someone else's return
Example Savings Scenario

Contributing $8,750 (family) to an HSA in 2026 saves $3,237 in taxes at a 37% rate. Investing the balance for 20 years at 7% grows to $33,800+ tax-free.

MERNA Strategy Notes

After age 65, HSA funds can be used for any purpose (taxed like a traditional IRA). Invest HSA funds rather than spending them — let them grow for retirement healthcare costs.

Common Mistake: Non-qualified withdrawals before age 65 incur a 20% penalty plus income tax.
UNK Client Win Business Owner / High-Deductible Health Plan Enrollee

How a Business Owner Built a $120,000 Tax-Free Medical Fund While Reducing Current Taxes

A UNK client enrolled in a high-deductible health plan and had been contributing only $1,000/year to his HSA — far below the maximum. Uncle Kam helped him maximize contributions ($8,750 for family coverage in 2026), invest the HSA balance in index funds instead of leaving it in cash, and pay all current medical expenses out of pocket while saving receipts. After 10 years, the client has $120,000 in tax-free HSA assets that can be used for medical expenses at any age — or withdrawn penalty-free for any purpose after age 65.

Result: $8,750/year in pre-tax deductions saving $3,237/year at his 37% rate. The invested HSA balance has grown to $120,000 tax-free — a healthcare nest egg that doubles as a retirement account.

An HSA is the only account with triple tax benefits. If you have a qualifying health plan, you should be maxing it every year. Book a call.

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Common Questions About HSA Triple Tax Advantage
Retirement IRC §408(k)

SEP-IRA Contribution

Self-employed individuals and small business owners can contribute up to 25% of net self-employment income (maximum $72,000 in 2026) to a SEP-IRA with minimal administrative requirements.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed or small business owner
  • Net self-employment income
  • Can be established and funded up to tax filing deadline including extensions
Example Savings Scenario

A freelancer earning $150,000 contributes $27,500 (25% × $110,000 net SE income) to a SEP-IRA, saving $10,175 in taxes at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Simpler than a Solo 401(k) but lower contribution limits for high earners. Can be established and funded up to the tax deadline including extensions.

Common Mistake: If you have employees, you must contribute the same percentage for all eligible employees.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Self-Employed

How a Freelance Photographer Opened a SEP-IRA in April and Saved $11,000 in Taxes

A UNK client was a freelance photographer who had just filed for a tax extension. She had $95,000 in net self-employment income and no retirement plan. Uncle Kam informed her that a SEP-IRA could be opened and funded up to the tax filing deadline — including extensions. She contributed $17,666 (the maximum 25% of net SE income after the SE deduction) in April, reducing her taxable income by $17,666 and saving $4,240 in federal taxes and $2,500 in SE taxes.

Result: $6,740 in total tax savings from a retirement account she opened in April — after the tax year had already ended. The SEP-IRA is now her primary retirement vehicle.

Self-employed and haven't set up a retirement plan? A SEP-IRA can be opened and funded up to your tax deadline. Book a call today.

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Common Questions About SEP-IRA Contribution
Business OBBBA 2025 — New IRC Provision 2026 Law Update

Tip Income Tax Deduction (OBBBA 2026)

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) creates a new deduction allowing workers in tip-based industries to exclude qualifying tip income from federal taxable income. This is one of the most significant new deductions for service industry workers in decades.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Work in a tip-based industry (restaurant, hospitality, beauty, delivery)
  • Tips received in the ordinary course of employment
  • Employer must report tips correctly on W-2 or 1099
  • Applies to tax years beginning after December 31, 2025
Example Savings Scenario

A restaurant server earning $20,000/year in tips at a 22% federal rate saves $4,400/year in federal income taxes under the new tip income deduction.

MERNA Strategy Notes

This is a brand-new deduction under the OBBBA — the IRS has not yet issued full guidance. Employers in tip-based industries should update payroll reporting immediately. Self-employed workers who receive tips should consult a tax advisor on how to claim the deduction on Schedule C.

Common Mistake: Tips must be properly reported to the employer — unreported cash tips do not qualify for the deduction and still carry audit risk.
UNK Client Win Restaurant / Service Worker

How a Restaurant Server Saved $4,400 in Federal Taxes With the New Tip Income Deduction

A server at a high-volume restaurant in Miami earned $22,000 in reported tips in 2026. Before the OBBBA, all of that tip income was fully taxable as ordinary income. Under the new tip income deduction, Uncle Kam helped her exclude the qualifying tip income from federal taxable income. At her 22% marginal rate, the $20,000 in qualifying tips generated a $4,400 reduction in federal taxes. Her employer updated payroll reporting to correctly classify tip income, and Uncle Kam ensured the deduction was properly claimed on her return.

Result: $4,400 in annual federal tax savings — a brand-new deduction most service workers have never heard of.

Work in a tip-based industry? The new tip income deduction could save you thousands in 2026. Book a call to see how much you qualify for.

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Common Questions About Tip Income Tax Deduction (OBBBA 2026)
Business Expenses IRC §162

Booth Rental & Chair Rental Deduction

If you rent a booth, chair, or suite in a salon or barbershop, your rental fees are fully deductible as a business expense. This is typically the largest deduction for booth renters — most pay $200–$600/week in booth rent, adding up to $10,400–$31,200/year in fully deductible expenses.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Rent a booth, chair, or suite in a salon or barbershop
  • Self-employed (booth renters are independent contractors, not employees)
  • Weekly or monthly rental fees paid to the salon owner
Example Savings Scenario

A hair stylist paying $350/week in booth rent deducts $18,200/year, saving $5,460–$7,280 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Booth renters are self-employed — you also qualify for the QBI deduction (23% of net income), Solo 401(k), health insurance deduction, and all other self-employment deductions on top of booth rent.

Common Mistake: If you are an employee of the salon (W-2), you cannot deduct unreimbursed booth or chair fees — only independent contractors (1099) can deduct these costs.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Delivery Supplies, Insulated Bags & Equipment Deduction

Gig delivery drivers can deduct all supplies and equipment used in their delivery business. This includes insulated delivery bags, hot bags, cold bags, phone mounts, car chargers, power banks, flashlights, and any other gear used to complete deliveries. These are small but real deductions that add up over a year of full-time delivery work.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Supplies used in your delivery business
  • Self-employed gig delivery driver (1099)
  • Equipment purchased and used for deliveries
Example Savings Scenario

A DoorDash driver spending $400/year on insulated bags, phone mounts, and car accessories deducts the full amount, saving $120–$160 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Stack this deduction with the mileage deduction, phone deduction, and self-employment tax deduction for maximum savings. Keep all receipts from Amazon or delivery supply stores.

Common Mistake: Personal car accessories not used for deliveries are not deductible — only equipment with a clear business purpose qualifies.
Business Expenses IRC §162

Beauty Supplies, Products & Professional Tools Deduction

All professional beauty supplies and tools used in your business are fully deductible. This includes hair color and developer, shampoos and conditioners, styling products, scissors, clippers, trimmers, blow dryers, flat irons, curling irons, capes, towels, gloves, and any other supplies used on clients. Product purchased for resale to clients is also deductible as cost of goods sold.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Supplies used in your beauty business or on clients
  • Self-employed hair stylist, barber, or beauty professional
  • Tools used in your trade
Example Savings Scenario

A hair stylist spending $4,000/year on color, supplies, and tools deducts the full amount, saving $1,200–$1,600 in taxes.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Keep all receipts from beauty supply stores. A dedicated business credit card makes tracking easy and provides an automatic record for tax purposes.

Common Mistake: Products purchased for personal use are not deductible — only supplies used on clients or in your professional work qualify.
Self-Employed IRC §162

Education & Professional Development Deduction

Deduct education expenses that maintain or improve skills required in your current trade or business, including courses, books, subscriptions, and professional conferences.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Education maintains or improves skills in current trade
  • Not required to meet minimum educational requirements for a new profession
  • Self-employed, freelancer, or business owner
Example Savings Scenario

Spending $5,000 on courses, conferences, and books deducts the full amount, saving $1,850 at a 37% rate.

MERNA Strategy Notes

W-2 employees lost this deduction in 2018. Self-employed individuals still have full access. Includes online courses, coaching, masterminds, and professional subscriptions.

Common Mistake: Education to qualify for a new career (e.g., going from plumber to lawyer) is not deductible.
UNK Client Win Self-Employed / Business Owner

How a Real Estate Agent Deducted $8,400 in Continuing Education and Coaching

A UNK client — a licensed real estate agent — was paying $700/month for a sales coaching program and $1,800/year for CE courses required to maintain her license. She had been treating these as personal expenses. Uncle Kam documented that both qualified as ordinary and necessary business expenses under IRC Section 162: the coaching directly improved her existing skills as an agent, and the CE courses were required to maintain her professional license. The $8,400 annual deduction saved her $3,108 at her 37% rate.

Result: $3,108 in annual tax savings on education she was already paying for. The client also added her real estate investing courses and a CRM software subscription to the deduction list.

Paying for courses, coaching, or certifications? These are likely deductible. Book a call to make sure you're capturing every education write-off.

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Common Questions About Education & Professional Development Deduction
Self-Employed IRC §401, §408

Retirement Plan Contributions (Self-Employed)

Self-employed individuals have access to powerful retirement plans — Solo 401(k), SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA — with contribution limits far exceeding W-2 employee options.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Net self-employment income
  • Plan established by December 31 (Solo 401k) or tax deadline (SEP-IRA)
  • No full-time employees for Solo 401(k)
Example Savings Scenario

Maximizing a Solo 401(k) at ~$70,000 in 2026 saves $25,900 at a 37% rate — the equivalent of a $25,900 tax refund.

MERNA Strategy Notes

Solo 401(k) allows the highest contributions for most self-employed individuals. SEP-IRA is simpler but limited to 25% of net earnings.

Common Mistake: Solo 401(k) must be established by December 31 — SEP-IRA can be opened until tax deadline.
UNK Client Win Freelancer / Self-Employed

How a Freelance Videographer Cut His Tax Bill by $19,200 With the Right Retirement Plan

A UNK client earned $160,000 as a freelance videographer and had no retirement plan in place. Uncle Kam compared the options side by side: a SEP-IRA would allow $29,535 in contributions; a Solo 401(k) would allow $52,000 (employee deferral plus profit-sharing). The client chose the Solo 401(k), contributed the full $52,000, and saved $19,240 in federal taxes at his 37% marginal rate. He also elected a Roth contribution option within the Solo 401(k) to build tax-free growth alongside the pre-tax bucket.

Result: $19,240 in annual tax savings. The client now has a clear retirement strategy that maximizes both pre-tax and tax-free contributions simultaneously.

Self-employed with no retirement plan? Every year without one is money left on the table. Book a call to set up the right plan for your income level.

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Common Questions About Retirement Plan Contributions (Self-Employed)
Business IRC §164, State Law Uncle Kam Clients Only

Pass-Through Entity Tax (PTET) SALT Workaround

Many states allow S-Corps and partnerships to elect to pay state income tax at the entity level, generating a federal deduction that bypasses the $10,000 SALT cap for individual owners.

Eligibility Requirements
  • S-Corp or partnership in a state with a PTET election
  • Owners subject to state income tax on pass-through income
  • Election made at the entity level by the state deadline
Example Savings Scenario

An S-Corp owner in California paying $50,000 in state income tax: PTET election moves $40,000 above the SALT cap to a federal deduction, saving $14,800 at a 37% rate.

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Real Estate IRC §280A(g) Uncle Kam Clients Only

Augusta Rule (Home Rental Exclusion)

Rent your personal home to your business for up to 14 days per year. The rental income is tax-free to you personally, and the business deducts the full rental expense.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own a business (S-Corp, LLC, or sole prop)
  • Home rented for 14 days or fewer per year
  • Rental rate must be comparable to local market rates
  • Document with a rental agreement and business purpose
Example Savings Scenario

Renting your home to your S-Corp for 14 days at $2,000/day = $28,000 tax-free income to you, $28,000 deduction for the business, saving $10,360 in combined taxes.

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Business IRC §62(a)(2)(A), Reg. 1.62-2 Uncle Kam Clients Only

Accountable Plan Reimbursements

Establish a formal accountable plan to reimburse employees (including owner-employees) for business expenses tax-free. The business deducts the reimbursement; the employee pays no income or payroll tax on it.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Operate as an S-Corp, C-Corp, or partnership
  • Expenses have a business connection
  • Employee substantiates expenses and returns excess amounts
Example Savings Scenario

An S-Corp owner with $15,000 in home office, vehicle, and phone expenses reimburses through an accountable plan, saving $5,550 in combined income and payroll taxes.

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Business IRC §179D Uncle Kam Clients Only

179D Energy-Efficient Commercial Building Deduction

Deduct up to $5.00 per square foot for energy-efficient improvements to commercial buildings, including HVAC, lighting, and building envelope upgrades.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Own or design commercial buildings
  • Building meets energy efficiency standards (ASHRAE)
  • Architects, engineers, and designers can claim on government buildings
Example Savings Scenario

A 50,000 sq ft commercial building with qualifying improvements generates $250,000 in deductions, saving $92,500 at a 37% rate.

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Business IRC §162, §3121(b)(3) Uncle Kam Clients Only

Hiring Family Members in Your Business

Hire your children or spouse in your business to shift income to lower tax brackets. Children under 18 working for a sole proprietorship or partnership owned by parents are exempt from FICA taxes.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Sole proprietorship or partnership owned by parents
  • Children performing legitimate work for the business
  • Wages must be reasonable for the work performed
Example Savings Scenario

Paying a 16-year-old child $15,750/year (2026 standard deduction): $0 federal income tax for the child, $15,750 deduction for the business, saving $5,828 at a 37% rate.

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Business IRC §831(b) Uncle Kam Clients Only

Captive Insurance Company

A business owner creates their own insurance company to insure business risks. Premiums paid to the captive are deductible by the business; the captive pays tax only on investment income under §831(b).

Eligibility Requirements
  • Business with $2M+ in annual revenue
  • Genuine insurable business risks
  • Captive receives $2.45M or less in premiums (§831(b) election)
  • Proper actuarial analysis and domicile compliance
Example Savings Scenario

A business paying $1.2M in captive premiums deducts the full amount, saving $444,000 at a 37% rate. The captive pays minimal tax on investment income.

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Real Estate IRC §453 Uncle Kam Clients Only

Installment Sale

Spread the recognition of capital gains from a property sale over multiple years by receiving payments in installments, keeping annual income in lower tax brackets.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Selling real estate or business assets
  • Buyer agrees to pay over multiple years
  • Not dealer property or publicly traded securities
Example Savings Scenario

Selling a property with $600,000 in gains. Spreading over 6 years keeps you in the 15% capital gains bracket instead of 20%, saving $30,000+.

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Business IRC §41 Uncle Kam Clients Only

Research & Development (R&D) Tax Credit

A dollar-for-dollar tax credit for qualified research expenses including wages, supplies, and contract research. Startups can apply up to $500,000/year against payroll taxes.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Conducting qualified research activities (new or improved products/processes)
  • Incurring qualified research expenses (wages, supplies, contract research)
  • Startups with < $5M revenue can apply against payroll taxes
Example Savings Scenario

A software company spending $500,000 on R&D wages qualifies for a $50,000–$100,000 federal tax credit, dollar-for-dollar against taxes owed.

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Business IRC §45F Uncle Kam Clients Only

Employer-Provided Childcare Credit

Employers who provide or pay for childcare facilities for employees receive a tax credit of 25% of qualifying childcare expenditures and 10% of childcare resource and referral expenditures, up to $150,000/year.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Employer provides or pays for childcare facilities
  • Qualifying childcare expenditures for employees
  • Credit limited to $150,000 per year
Example Savings Scenario

An employer spending $500,000 on an on-site childcare facility receives a $125,000 tax credit (25%), plus the remaining $375,000 is deductible.

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Estate Planning IRC §2512, §2036 Uncle Kam Clients Only

Family Limited Partnership (FLP)

A Family Limited Partnership allows transfer of assets to family members at a valuation discount (typically 20–40%) due to lack of control and marketability, reducing estate and gift tax exposure.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Estate value over $5 million
  • Own a business, real estate portfolio, or investment assets
  • Want to transfer wealth to heirs while maintaining control
Example Savings Scenario

A $10M real estate portfolio transferred via FLP at a 35% discount reduces the taxable estate by $3.5M, saving $1.4M in estate taxes at a 40% rate.

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Retirement IRC §412 Uncle Kam Clients Only

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

A defined benefit plan allows high-income self-employed individuals and business owners to contribute $200,000–$300,000 per year based on actuarial calculations, far exceeding 401(k) limits.

Eligibility Requirements
  • Self-employed or small business owner
  • High income ($300,000+) for maximum benefit
  • Actuarial calculation required annually
  • Commitment to fund the plan each year
Example Savings Scenario

A physician earning $500,000 contributes $265,000 to a defined benefit plan, saving $98,050 in taxes at a 37% rate — far exceeding the $69,000 Solo 401(k) limit.

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What Most Business Owners Don't Know

The Augusta Rule is the most underused strategy for business owners who own their home.

An accountable plan can move $15,000–$30,000 of personal expenses into tax-free business reimbursements.

S-Corp salary optimization alone saves most owners $15,000–$40,000/year in payroll taxes.

Who Uses This Strategy

This write-off is commonly used by the following taxpayer profiles. Click to see all strategies for your situation.

Your Biggest Missed Deduction Is Probably Locked Above

Uncle Kam clients save an average of $25,000–$120,000/year. The strategies that make that possible are unlocked on a free strategy call.

Book A Free Strategy Call Free consultation. No obligation.
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